Songs

(This Chapter Has Not Been Reformatted Yet) #

\chapter{Songs}

\section{The Alphabet}

All the lines except the final one are sung in call-reponse where a leader sings the line which is then repeated by a group. The final one is sung together.

\begin{center}
\noindent\begin{tabu} to \textwidth {c c}
\Gal{):laP bEt} & \textit{'əlaf beṯ} \
\Gal{g:mal d:lat hE} & \textit{gəmal dəlaṯ he} \
\Gal{wAw zAyy xEt} & \textit{wau zai ḥeṯ} \
\Gal{+Et yOd kaP} & \textit{ṭeṯ yoḏ kaf} \
\Gal{l:mad m:M nUN} & \textit{ləmaḏ məm nun} \
\Gal{s:maK (ayyiN pE} & \textit{səmaḵ `ayin pe} \
\Gal{cadE qOP} & \textit{ṣade qof} \
\Gal{rE$ $IN taww} & \textit{reš šin tau} \
\end{tabu}
\end{center}

\section{The One Little Goat - FIX SHWA RULES}

This is the traditional Passover Song, \textit{"Chad Gadya,"} translated into Galilean. Originally written in an amalgam of Late Jewish Literary Aramaic and a little Hebrew, \textit{"The One Little Goat"} is cognate to the cumulative song, \textit{"There Was an Old Woman Who Swallowed a Fly,"} or the poem \textit{"The House That Jack Built"} in English, whereby each successive verse adds on an additional element and the entire list is repeated. It is in many ways ingrained in Jewish culture.

The translation into Galilean also revealed some interesting technicalities from the very beginning as the original title itself, \Gal{xd~gdy)} \textit{ḥad gadya} -- where perfectly fine in Eastern dialects -- violates the rules for definiteness and adjectives in Galilean. Since Galilean retains the Absolute/Emphatic distinction, the title and refrain would have to be either the indefinite \Gal{xd~gdy} \textit{ḥaḏ gaḏe} (= "a/one little goat") or the definite, attributive \Gal{gdyyh~xdth} \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} (= "the one little goat"). Furthermore there are several words that appear in the original form are not often found in Western dialects in general, so they have been replaced by common equivalents.

\noindent\begin{tabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Refrain}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.''} \
\end{tabu}

\noindent\begin{tabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 1}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{dAz;baN ):b>ah bat:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{da-zəvan 'əbah ba-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn2{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn2{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{tabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 2}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{wA):tah $Unrah} & \textit{wa-'əṯah šunrah}\
\Gal{wA):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{wa-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{dAz;baN ):b>ah bat:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{da-zəvan 'əbah ba-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And he ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 3}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{wA):tah kalbah} & \textit{wa-'əṯah kalbah}\
\Gal{wAn:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{wa-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{dA):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{da-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{dAz;baN ):b>ah bat:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{da-zəvan 'əbah ba-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And he bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 4}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah xO+:rah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{w:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{wə-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And it beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 5}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah nUrah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah nurah}\
\Gal{w:y:qar l:xO+:rah} & \textit{wə-yəqar lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And it burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 6}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah mayyah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah maiyah}\
\Gal{w:k:ba$ l:nUrah} & \textit{wə-ḵəvaš lə-nurah}\
\Gal{d:y:qad l:xO+:rah} & \textit{də-yəqaḏ lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the water,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And it subdued the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 7}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah tawwrah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah taurah}\
\Gal{w:$:tah l:mayyah} & \textit{wə-šəṯah lə-maiyah}\
\Gal{d:k:ba$ l:nUrah} & \textit{də-ḵəvaš lə-nurah}\
\Gal{d:y:qad l:xO+:rah} & \textit{də-yəqaḏ lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the ox,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And it drank the water,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That subdued the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 8}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah +abxah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah ṭavḥah}\
\Gal{w:q:+al l:tawwrah} & \textit{wə-qəṭal lə-ṯaurah}\
\Gal{d:$:tah l:mayyah} & \textit{də-šəṯah lə-maiyah}\
\Gal{d:k:ba$ l:nUrah} & \textit{də-ḵəvaš lə-nurah}\
\Gal{d:y:qad l:xO+:rah} & \textit{də-yəqaḏ lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the butcher,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And he killed the ox,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That drank the water,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That subdued the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 9}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah mala)kah} & \textit{wə-'əṯah mala'ḵah}\
\Gal{w:q:+al l:+abxah} & \textit{wə-qəṭal lə-ṭavḥah}\
\Gal{d:q:+al l:tawwrah} & \textit{də-qəṭal lə-ṯaurah}\
\Gal{d:$:tah l:mayyah} & \textit{də-šəṯah lə-maiyah}\
\Gal{d:k:ba$ l:nUrah} & \textit{də-ḵəvaš lə-nurah}\
\Gal{d:y:qad l:xO+:rah} & \textit{də-yəqaḏ lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And along came the Angel (of Death),}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And killed the butcher,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Who killed the ox,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That drank the water,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That subdued the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}

\noindent\begin{longtabu} to \textwidth {X[c] X[c]}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Verse 10}}\
~\
\Gal{gadyyah xadtah gadyyah xadtah} & \textit{gaḏyah ḥaḏtah, gaḏyah ḥaḏtah} \
\Gal{w:):tah qUd$ah b:rIK hU)} & \textit{wə-'əṯah quḏšah bəriḵ hu'}\
\Gal{w:q:+al l:mala)kah} & \textit{wə-qəṭal lə-mala'ḵah}\
\Gal{d:q:+al l:+abxah} & \textit{də-qəṭal lə-ṭavḥah}\
\Gal{d:q:+al l:tawwrah} & \textit{də-qəṭal lə-ṯaurah}\
\Gal{d:$:tah l:mayyah} & \textit{də-šəṯah lə-maiyah}\
\Gal{d:k:ba$ l:nUrah} & \textit{də-ḵəvaš lə-nurah}\
\Gal{d:y:qad l:xO+:rah} & \textit{də-yəqaḏ lə-ḥoṭərah}\
\Gal{d:x:ba+ l:kalbah} & \textit{də-ḥəvaṭ lə-ḵalbah}\
\Gal{d:n:ka$ l:$Unrah} & \textit{də-nəḵaš lə-šunrah}\
\Gal{d:):xal l:gadyyah} & \textit{də-'əḥal lə-gaḏyah}\
\Gal{d:z;baN ):b>ah b:t:rayyiN zUzIN} & \textit{də-zəvan 'əbah bə-ṯərayyin zuzin} \
~\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{``The one little goat, the one little goat.}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Then along came the Holy One, Blessed be He,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{And killed the Angel (of Death),}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Who killed the butcher,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Who killed the ox,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That drank the water,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That subdued the fire,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That burned the stick,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That beat the dog,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That bit the cat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That ate the little goat,}\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{That my father bought with two silver coins.''}\
\end{longtabu}